The Diversity of the Market Place: Mary Beth Kenkel, Marvin Megibow, Richard Lewis & Emanuel Donchin

Latin Square ANOVA Through Popular Software Programs
Chair: : Barbara Tabachnick, California State University, Northridge

The symposium is a 90-minute tutorial for designing and analyzing experiments using Latin square layouts through readily available software packages (e.g., spss glm, systat glm, sas glm, spss Trial Run, sas plan, systat design).

Barbara Tabachnick & Linda Fidell, California State University, Northridge

Social Issues

5-1

PERCEIVING DISCRIMINATION: THE INTERACTION OF GENDER AND ETHNICITY, Rosemary C. Veniegas (University of California, Los Angeles)

5-2

PERCEIVING DISCRIMINATION: WHO PERCEIVES IT AND WHO IS HARMED? Rosemary C. Veniegas (University of California, Los Angeles)

5-3

SOCIAL GROUP IDENTITY TO PREJUDICE, AUTHORITARIANISM, AND OUTGROUP HOSTILITY: ASIAN-WHITE DIFFERENCES, Lydia Y. Cho & Edward W. Dunbar (University of California, Los Angeles)

5-4

ALLPORT'S CONTACT CONDITIONS PREDICT FACILITATORS' SUCCESS LEADING DISCUSSIONS ON RACE, Shawn D. Coupland & Michele A. Wittig (California State University, Northridge)

5-5

DOES GROUP IDENTITY MEDIATE THE INTERRACIAL CLIMATE - INTERRACIAL BIAS RELATIONSHIP? Ludwin Molina & Michele A. Wittig (California State University, Northridge)

5-6

TYPE OF CONTACT AND TARGET DISTINCTIVENESS: MODERATORS OF COURTESY STIGMA AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS, Jennifer Jordan & Delia S. Saenz (Arizona State University)

5-7

IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES TO REDUCE DELINQUENCY: GROUP, GENDER, AGE, AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES, Kristin Pramann (Bakersfield College) & Kevin F. McNeill (University of California, Riverside)

5-8

IMPORTANCE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES: GROUP, GENDER, AGE, AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES, Gaye Mitchell (Bakersfield College) Kevin F. McNeill (University of California, Riverside)

5-9

PROVIDER, RECIPIENT, AND PUBLIC DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN SERVICES, Kevin F. McNeill (University of California, Riverside)

5-10

AGE AND EDUCATION DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN SERVICES, Kevin F. McNeill (University of California, Riverside)

5-11

ATTITUDES TOWARD BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT: DOES ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MATTER? James A. Yelverton & Lynnette Zelezny (California State University, Fresno)

5-12

OTHER GROUP ORIENTATION AND HOSTILITY EFFECTS: PERCEPTION OF MULTICULTURAL CAMPUS CLIMATE, David Berke, Devon Gainer, Delia Craciunescu, Ramona Casupang, Shazia Shah, Sinae Jung & Sheila K. Grant-Thompson (California State University, Northridge)

5-13

MINORITY STATUS STRESS AND ACCULTURATIVE STRESS, Dominique Lopez-Kinney & Juanita Dimas (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

5-14

ETHICAL DECISION MAKING OF U.S. MANAGERS IN MIDDLE EAST AND USA, Nasser Khalili (Nova Southeastern University) & Judit G. Au (Claremont Graduate University)

5-15

FILIPINO AMERICANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE, Eleanor Castillo-Yee & Phillip D. Akutsu (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

5-16

ETHNIC DIFFERENCES ON PUNISHMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DATE RAPE, Karyn R. Anselmini, Lisa T. Mori, Catherine Van Riette & Christy Ake (California State University, Fullerton)

5-17

REDUCED MATERNAL DEPRESSION AS A MEDIATOR OF THE BENEFITS OF HOME VISITATION, Bonnie Rainey & Daphne Bugental (University of California, Santa Barbara)

5-18

GUESTS' BEHAVIOR ON TALK SHOWS - IS JERRY SPRINGER REALLY DIFFERENT? Julia E. Esqueda, Tracey Tran & R. Patricia Walsh (Loyola Marymount University)

5-19

VIEWS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, R. Patricia Walsh, Andrea Schlaerth, Elisabeth McMahan & Shelly Tochluk (Loyola Marymount University)

5-20

HEDONIC CONSEQUENCES OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: AN EXAMINATION OF COGNITIVE INTERFERENCE IN HAPPY AND UNHAPPY INDIVIDUALS, Keri Zehm & Sonja Lyubomirsky (University of California, Riverside)

5-21

ADOLESCENT SELF-CONCEPT AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH FATHERS, Jill Matthews & Andrea Hodgson (Northwest Nazarene College)

5-22

BARRIERS TO HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG LATINAS, Rose Marchick (California State University, San Bernardino)

5-23

MEN WHO KILL THEIR SPOUSES: A PROFILE OF UXORICIDE, Robyn L. Williams, Bradford L. Gorby & Jon Buonerba (California State University, Fresno)

5-24

AGE AND DIFFERENCES IN CARING, John Dufosse, Jan Mulholland, Pamela G. Lowe, Sandy Bell, Roseanne Castillo & Katherine Van Giffen (California State University, Long Beach)

5-25

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FELONY CONVICTED DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE (DUI) OFFENDERS, Jorge Wong, Krista Sickler, Athena Calfee & Tara Marquez (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

5-26

PROSECUTING CHILDREN AS ADULTS, Francisco D. Carranza & Gloria Cowan (California State University, San Bernardino)

5-27

RELIGIOUS FACTORS AND RACIST ATTITUDES, Nicole C. Polen (Whitworth College)

5-28

MINORITY STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF SUCCESS IN HIGHER LEARNING, Marie Ruiz (Occidental College)

5-29

CLASSROOM CHEATING: A SIMPLE INTERVENTION IS NOT EFFICACIOUS, Meg Clark (California State Polytechnic University, Pomona)

5-30

BIRTH CONTROL EDUCATION VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS OF UNPLANNED PREGNANCY, Laura Bonner (California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno), Monnica Terwilliger (University of California, Los Angeles) & Sue A. Kuba (California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno)

5-31

SOCIAL INTEGRATION: AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF LIFE QUALITY, Ellie Kazemi, Daniel Melo & Dee L. Shepherd-Look (California State University, Northridge)

5-32

EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON YOUNG ADULTS, Chandra Anne Jones & Deborah DuNann Winter (Whitman College)

5-33

IS THERE A "SEX FOCUS" EFFECT: EFFECTS OF AROUSAL AND DISTRACTION ON RECALL, Elise Kost (Pacific University)

5-34

UNDERSTANDING OBJECT ENHANCEMENT: A TEST OF TWO MODELS, K. Paul Nesselroade, Jr. (Simpson College)

5-35

RELIGIOCENTRIC FUNDAMENTALISM AND ACCEPTANCE OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE, HOSTILITY TOWARD WOMEN, AND BENEVOLENT SEXISM, Allan M. Bailey & Gloria Cowan (California State University, San Bernardino)

5-36

DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES WITHIN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, John Robert Mowery (Whitman College)

5-37

STUDENT EXPERIENCE AND PERCEPTION OF RACISM IN HIGHER EDUCATION, Darryl Stevens & Nancy Ikari (University of La Verne)

5-38

INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: WHAT PUBLICS THINK WILL WORK, AND BARRIERS, Patricia L. Winter (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service) & George T. Cvetkovich (Western Washington University)

5-39

SOCIAL TRUST'S INFLUENCE ON RESPONSES TO PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT, Patricia L. Winter, Laura J. Palucki (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service) & Rachel L. Burkhardt (Claremont Graduate University)

5-40

EXPLORATION OF COLLEGE STUDENT'S RACIAL IDENTITY, RACIAL PREJUDICE AND PARENTAL BONDING, Randi I. Kim & Florence Shirakawa (Humboldt State University)

5-41

SUBJECTIVE CRITERIA USED IN THE ACCEPTANCE OF MEDICAL SCHOOL APPLICANTS, Lenny C. Husen & Tina C. Kayne (California State University, Sacramento)

5-42

RACE AS A FACTOR AFFECTING TRAINER-TRAINEE INTERACTION, Billie Miller-Cooper & Patricia Boverie (University of New Mexico)

Effectiveness of a Web-Based Statistics Tutorial, Christopher L. Aberson, Diana J. Kyle, Dale E. Berger, Michael R. Healy & Victoria L. Romero (Claremont Graduate University)

Integrating Web-Based Tutorials Into Introductory Statistics Courses, Diana J. Kyle, Christopher L. Aberson, Dale E. Berger, Michael R. Healy & Victoria L. Romero (Claremont Graduate University)

Internet Statistics Tutorial Workshop: How To Use Tutorials in Your Classes, Victoria L. Romero, Michael R. Healy, Diana J. Kyle, Christopher L. Aberson & Dale E. Berger (Claremont Graduate University)

LEADERSHIP: A FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION
Chair: James Blascovich, University of California, Santa Barbara

Presenters
Martin Chemers, University of California, Santa Cruz

Synopsis of Presentation
Leadership effectiveness research has compiled a complex, and sometimes confusing, body of empirical findings and theoretical perspectives. This presentation will offer an integrative review that focusses on the most important functions of leadership. Recent research indicating that "self- and collective efficacy" plays an important role in leader and team effectiveness will be highlighted.

Biographies
Ph.D. Social Psychology, University of Illinois, 1968. Dr. Chemers is currently a Professor of Psychology and Dean of the Social Sciences Division at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He conducts research on leadership and team effectiveness with an emphasis on personality and cultural factors. He recently completed a term as editor of Basic and Applied Social Psychology.

HOW SHALL A PERSON BE KNOWN? A REALISTIC APPROACH
TO REUNITING SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
Chair: : Melissa Blackman, California State University, Fullerton

Presenters
David C. Funder, University of California, Riverside

Synopsis of Presentation
People make judgments of the personalities of the people they encounter. Sometimes these judgments are accurate, and sometimes not. To understand when and how accurate judgment is possible, it is necessary to take a realistic perspective that includes the traditional approaches of both personality and social psychology. Personality psychology addresses how traits are manifest in behavior, and social psychology addresses how people interpret the behaviors they observe. When these issues are united, it becomes possible to study how accurate personality judgment occurs through the availability, detection and correct utilization of relevant behavioral information.

Biographies
B.A., University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D., Stanford University. Served on faculty at Harvey Mudd College, Harvard University, and the University of Illinois, before coming to the University of California, Riverside. Author of the Personality Puzzle (W.W. Norton) and Personality Judgment: A Realistic Approach to Social Perception (Academic Press, forthcoming).

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF A MODEL OF EXTINCTION
Chair: Robert A. Bjork, University of California, Los Angeles

Presenters
Mark E. Bouton, University of Vermont

Synopsis of Presentation
We have described a model of extinction that addresses a number of post-extinction recovery effects such as renewal and spontaneous recovery. On the practical side, the idea that extinction does not cause unlearning, but instead creates new learning that is especially dependent on context for retrieval has implications for the understanding of relapse and behavior maintenance after therapy. It also has implications for the "unlearning" of racial stereotypes in humans. On the theoretical side, the idea that retention intervals fundamentally influence memory by causing a form of context change has led us to confront and resolve an important "paradox" raised by Riccio, Richardson, and Ebner (1984). The model also helps understand other issues in learning theory, including the content of feature-negative and feature-positive discriminations, which will be described if time permits.

Biographies
Mark Bouton received his BA from Williams College and his Ph.D. from the University of Washington. His research addresses the memory processes that are represented in classical conditioning, with an emphasis on context, inhibition, and behavioral phenomena that may be connected with clinical relapse. He is a Fellow of APA and APS, has received Fulbright and James McKeen Cattell Sabbatical Awards, and is currently the Editor of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes as well as a Consulting Editor for Behavioral Neuroscience and Animal Learning & Behavior. He has been at the University of Vermont, on the west coast of New England, since 1980.

Co-Chairs:
Judith A. Farrell, Moorpark College and Jerry Shaw, California State University, Northridge

An opportunity for current and future teachers of psychology to informally dialogue about issues related to specific courses and topics. Discussion leaders have been designated for focus upon the Introductory course, Human Sexuality and Death and Dying, as well as the topics of diversity, collaborative learning, media enhancement, high tech/WEB and student success.

A BALANCE THEORY OF WISDOM
Chair: Diane F. Halpern, California State University, San Bernardino

Presenters
Robert J. Sternberg, Yale University

Synopsis of Presentation
I will propose a balance theory of wisdom. The emphasis in our society is on the development of memory and analytical skills (academic intelligence). Many people, however, use these skills to further their own interests instead of or at the expense of the interests of others and society. The balance theory argues that we need to develop wisdom in our students, which is the use of tacit knowledge for a common good so that people balance their own (intrapersonal) interests with the interests of others (interpersonal) and the society (extrapersonal) through adaptation to, shaping of, and selection of environments. This view will be compared with other views and its implications for education addressed.

Biographies
Robert J. Sternberg is IBM Professor of Psychology and Education in the Department of Psychology at Yale University. He is editor of Contemporary Psychology and past-editor of Psychological Bulletin and a fellow of APA, APS, AAAS, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has been president of APA Divisions 1 (General Psychology) and 15 (Educational Psychology) and is presently president of Division 10 (Psychology and the Arts). He has won a number of awards including the APA Early Career and McCandless Awards and the AERA Outstanding Book, Research Review, and Scribner Awards. His doctorate is from Stanford and he holds an honorary doctorate from the Complutense University of Madrid. He is the author of about 700 articles, books and book chapters in the field of psychology.

IS ETHNIC BALKANIZATION PSYCHOLOGICALLY INEVITABLE
Chair: Shana Levin, Claremont McKenna College

Presenters
David Sears, University of California, Los Angeles

Brain Function, Psychopharmacology,Animal Behavior,
Attention And Informationprocessing, Motivation

6-1

THE MEANINGS AND MEASUREMENT OF HOMOPHOBIA, Karen Wilson & Lou Ann Wieand (Humboldt State University)

6-2

PREDICTIVE VALUE OF ERP'S FOR CORRECT SPATIAL JUDGMENTS: GENDER ANALYSIS, Denise Ribeiro, Dave Hubbard, Jennifer Coon & John M. Morgan (Humboldt State University)

6-3

ERP'S PRECEDING CORRECT VERSUS INCORRECT SPATIAL JUDGMENTS OVER THREE HOURS, Dave Hubbard, Dave Long, Nick Herren & John M. Morgan (Humboldt State University)

6-4

ERP PRECEDING AND DURING CORRECT SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP JUDGMENTS, Nick Herren, Denise Ribeiro, Dave Hubbard & John M. Morgan (Humboldt State University)

6-5

FACIAL EMG CORRELATES WITH TASTE SENSORY HEDONICS, Amanda Rohweder & Senqi Hu (Humboldt State University)

6-6

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACIAL EMG AND TASTE HEDONICS, Michael Grimes, Amanda Rohweder & Senqi Hu (Humboldt State University)

6-7

ELEMENTS OF DEPRESSION AND THEIR SLEEP CORRELATES, Diane Henschel (California State University, Dominguez Hills), Russel Poland (Harbor/UCLA Medical Center) & Patricia Enyekwe (California State University, Dominguez Hills)

6-8

EFFECTS OF OLFACTORY STIMULI AND WORD TYPE ON HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY, M. I. Bloch, D. DeGere & M. Boden (University of San Francisco)

6-9

INVESTIGATING CALLOSAL EFFICIENCY IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS, M. I. Bloch, D. DeGere, R. Chopra & A. Fernandez (University of San Francisco)

6-10

DIFFERENTIAL HEMISPHERIC LATERALIZATION FOR PROTOTYPE ABSTRACTION OF HUMAN FACES, Vicki L. Silvers, Otto H. Maclin & Robert L. Solso (University of Nevada, Reno)

6-11

DIFFERENTIAL HEMISPHERIC LATERALIZATION DURING A STROOP-SHAPE/WORD EFFECT, Vicki L. Silvers, Paul Duhamel & Robert L. Solso (University of Nevada, Reno)

6-12

EXAMINING ELECTRICAL ATTRACTION BETWEEN THE HUMAN SEXES, Ali Abdolsalehi (University of California, Irvine)

6-13

IRLEN LENSES AND READING DISABILITIES: COLOR VERSUS CONTRAST AND LUMINANCE, Holly J. McQuillan, Christopher C. Castro & Jess F. Deegan, II (California State University, Bakersfield)

6-14

THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LITHIUM CARBONATE IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR I MOOD DISORDER: A REVIEW, Arlin K. Pachet & Amy M. Wisniewski (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

6-15

THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT ON RATS NEONATALLY EXPOSED TO ALCOHOL, Diane L. Cole, Jennifer D. Thomas, Freda Bodrov & Edward P. Riley (San Diego State University)

6-16

THE ROLE OF OPIOID BLOCKADE ON SOCIAL AFFILIATION IN HUMANS, John Billimek, Richard H. Harvey, Clarisa Le (University of California, Irvine), Hoyle Leigh (University of California, San Francisco) & Larry D. Jamner (University of California, Irvine)

6-17

NEONATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE PRODUCES HYPERACTIVITY IN PRE-WEANLING RATS, Megan E. Garrison, Diane L. Cole, Jennifer D. Thomas & Edward P. Riley (San Diego State University)

6-18

WHEEL RUNNING AS A REINFORCER IN ANOREXIC AND NON-ANOREXIC RATS, Jamie M. Davis (Whitman College)

6-19

FRUSTRATION THEORY REVISITED: THE PARTIAL REWARD EFFECT IN ANOTHER SPECIES, Patricia A. Haight, Serena Heimsth, Heather Maidl, Allison McLeod, Marnie McNicholas (Scottsdale Community College) & James Mosley (Arizona State University)

6-20

MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HABITUATION IN SEA ANEMONES (ANTHOPLEURA ELIGANTISIMA), Agavni Petrosyan, John Haralson & Robert Martin (California State University, Los Angeles)

6-21

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL LEARNING: ROLE OF STRESS AND ESTRUS, Sarah Gatonska, Zoha Fazel, Amy Laufenberg & Phillip J. Langlais (San Diego State University)

6-22

SELF-RECOGNITION IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS: MIRROR MARK TEST, Patricia Simonet (University of Nevada, Reno), Mary Myers, LaMonte Lamoureux, Jennifer Quashnick, Stewart Dalie, Jenifer Jacobs & Kelly Willison (Sierra Nevada College)

6-23

MAZE RUNNING AS A FUNCTION OF QUANTITATIVELY DIFFERENT REINFORCERS, Dana F. Lindemann, Maria Rodamakina & Colin Harbke (University of Alaska, Anchorage)

6-24

META-ATTENTION IN SECOND- AND FIFITH-GRADERS: A DUAL-TASK ANALYSIS, Dan Baas, Rebecca Ricks (Point Loma Nazarene University), Melanie Jones (University of Louisville), Holly Irwin-Chase (Point Loma Nazarene University) & Barbara Burns (University of Louisville)

6-25

INTERHEMISPHERIC RESPONSE TIME DIFFERENCES IN ADULTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER, Jennifer M. Vavold, Glena Schubarth Andrews & James R. Imlah (Northwest Nazarene College)

6-26

INFORMATION LEVEL AND COLOR COMPLEXITY AS PREDICTORS OF VISUAL INSPECTION, Raymond D. Collings (University of California, Riverside)

6-27

THE EFFECTS OF THE PRESENTATION OF A CROSS-MODAL DIVIDED ATTENTION TASK ON SPEECH PRODUCTION AND RECALL, Jon R. Anderson & William J. Metzger (Whitman College)

6-28

BILATERAL FIELD ADVANTAGE OF ADULTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER, James R. Imlah, Glena Schubarth Andrews & Jennifer M. Vavold (Northwest Nazarene College)

6-29

THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE INHIBITION IN A STOP SIGNAL TASK, Hideya Koshino & Danny Welch (California State University, San Bernardino)

6-30

EFFECT OF TASK DIFFICULTY ON ATTENTION AND ORIENTING, Anthony J. Rissling, Steven L. Schandler & Gary L. Hayden (Chapman University)

6-31

IS SKILLED PERFORMANCE A FACTOR IN REDUCING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS? Hoan Nguyen, Robert Cooper & Robert Fox (San Jose State University)

6-32

META-ATTENTION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, John Randolph, Peter Arnett (Washington State University), Chris Higginson (University of Kansas Medical School) & William Voss (Washington State University)

6-33

VISUAL CURVE TRACING IS LIMITED BY DUAL-TASK PROCESSING DEMANDS, Tony Rodriguez & Mark Van Selst (San Jose State University)

6-34

SUBLIMINAL PRIMING INFLUENCING WORD STRING INTERPRETATION, Kenneth Brotherton (The Evergreen State College)

6-35

COGNITIVE FIXEDNESS: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON AN OLD CONCEPT, Michelle Laraux & Marisa Pease (The Evergreen State College)

6-36

SENTENCE-LEVEL FACTORS INFLUENCE HOLISTIC QUALITY JUDGMENTS OF STUDENT ESSAYS, R. J. Madigan, P. W. Linton & M. J. Winn (University of Alaska, Anchorage)

6-37

INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION: COLLABORATION IS THE NORM, Minnie Shea-Baker & Lisa Maxfield (California State University, Long Beach)

6-38

RECOGNITION OF EMOTION IN SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS OF FACES, Jeanice R. Bartholow, Marte Fallshore & Mette A. Sundvor (Central Washington University)

6-39

MOTIVATIONAL PROFILES OF STUDY ABROAD STUDENTS, Marvin L. Schroth & William A. McCormack (Santa Clara University)

6-40

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STAMINA SCALE, Eric Rutherford & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

6-41

DEVELOPMENT OF A CHANGE BELIEFS SCALE FOR PREDICTING PERFORMANCE, Karen Tallman (University of Southern California)

IS LAUGHTER THE BEST MEDICINE OR ANY MEDICINE AT ALL?
Chair: Maureen Hester, Holy Names College

Presenter
Diana L. Mahony, Brigham Young University, Hawaii

Synopsis of Presentation
The widespread and popular belief that humor and laughter promote health & healing grew out of subjective and anecdotal accounts such as that of Norman Cousins. Empirical research has provided modest support for some of the claims, such as the effects of mirthful humor on the immune system and on pain tolerance. This young field has numerous problems, including the establishment of operational definitions of humor, the identification of psychological or physiological mechanisms by which health benefits might occur, and the separation of the effects of humor and laughter from accompanying effects of distraction, positive affect, and expectation of benefit.

Biographies
Diana Mahony, an Associate Professor of Psychology at the Hawaii Campus of Brigham Young University, has background in Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Science. She has presented research on humor and laughter nationally and internationally and has published several articles demonstrating the value of children's humor as a research tool, particularly in the area of language and reading development and is working to develop an empirically-derived taxonomy of laughter types. She is responsible for Humor Studies having it's own topic number at this conference and desires to assist in the recognition of the Humor Studies as a legitimate subfield of psychology.

A discussion hour with Diana Mahony will follow this presentation in the Embassy Room.

CHALLENGE AND THREAT AS MOTIVATIONAL STATES
Chair: Martin Chemers, University of California, Santa Cruz

Presenter
James Blascovich, University of California, Santa Barbara

Synopsis of Presentation
Presents the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. Includes discussion of research applications and tests of the model within the context of both intra- and interpersonal processes.

Biographies
Professor and Vice-Chair, Psychology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Ph.D., University of Nevada, Reno, 1972, Social Psychology.

BOOTSTRAPPING NEW DATA TO MAXIMIZE THE POWER OF META-ANALYSIS
TO TEST SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY THEORY
Chair: Craig Bowman, Scripps College

Presenter
Norman Miller, University of Southern California

Synopsis of Presentation
The talk will focus on the use of judges ratings to bootstrap data on theoretically relevant moderator variables and then, combine them with meta-analytic outcomes to derive or correlationally examine (test) theoretical models that subsequently can be submitted to experimental test. The talk will illustrate the use of these procedures by applying them to the experimental literature on the effects of crossed social categorization on intergroup bias. (The crossed categorization paradigm examines instances in which information on two dimensions of social categorization provides converging versus conflicting cues regarding the ingroup/outgroup identity of the person being evaluated. Thus, it examines relative bias toward four target persons: in-group/ingroup; ingroup/outgroup; outgroup/ingroup; and outgroup/outgroup).

Biographies
Silberberg Professor of Psychology, University of Southern California; Guggenheim Fellow, 1984; Fulbright Research Fellow, 1985; James McKeen Cattell Fellow, 1978; Haynes Foundation Fellow, 1974; NIMH Research Fellow, 1968; WPA Fellow; APA Fellow; NSF Fellow; Editor, JPSP:IRGP 1990-95. Authored 125+ articles and chapters; 7 books. Interests: Social psychology; Intergroup relations; Attitudes.

A discussion hour with Diana Mahony will follow this presentation in the Embassy Room.

Separation Theory: Implications for Couple Relationships, Lisa Firestone (The Glendon Association)

Factors Contributing to Relationship Distress, Joyce Catlett (The Glendon Association)

Voice Therapy Methodology Applied to Couple Therapy, Lisa Firestone (The Glendon Association)

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Test Scores: Issues & Controversies, Dennis P. Saccuzzo (San Diego State University), Nancy E. Johnson (California Western School of Law), A. Scott Craig (University of Detroit) & Elizabeth Berkin (San Diego State University)

Ethnic Differences on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale: A Fillipino Sample, Celene Ko, Dennis P. Saccuzzo (San Diego State University), Nancy E. Johnson (California Western School of Law) & Susan Williamson (Long Beach State University)

Cognitive Deficits in Learning Disabilities by Gender and Ethnicity, Nancy E. Johnson (California Western School of Law), Dennis P. Saccuzzo, Amanda Holder & Jade Winn (San Diego State University)

Test Usage for Disability Assessments: Racial and Gender Biases, Jennifer Bodas (San Diego State University), Jennifer Saccuzzo (University of San Diego), Dennis P. Saccuzzo (San Diego State University) & Nancy E. Johnson (California Western School of Law)

Ethnic and Gender Variations in the Assessment of Learning Disabilities, Nancy E. Johnson (California Western School of Law), Aimee Savino, Patrick S. Kidder & Dennis P. Saccuzzo (San Diego State University)

Gender Bias in the Examination Process: A Classroom Study, Jan Stiglitz (California Western School of Law), Dennis P. Saccuzzo, Ellen Daniel & Amanda Holder (San Diego State University)

Coping with Gender and Ethnic Differences in Performance and Placement, Jade Winn, Dennis P. Saccuzzo (San Diego State University), Nancy E. Johnson (California Western School of Law) & Ellen Daniel (San Diego State University)

Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, and Racial Identity in Third-Generation Japanese-Americans, Karen Kurasaki (University of California, Davis)

Effect of Acculturation on Depression and Academic Performance in Asian-Americans, Sandra Wong (University of California, Berkeley)

Effect of Acculturation on Well-Being and Help-Seeking Attitude Among Chinese-Americans, Li-tze Hu (University of California, Santa Cruz)

LESSONS I'VE LEARNED FROM STUDENTS...SO FAR

Presenter
Jeffery Scott Mio, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Synopsis of Presentation
Presentation Over the course of 15 years of teaching, I have tried a number of teaching techniques. Some have worked, and some have not. Students are very good at letting professors know what works and what does not. For example, humor seems to keep students interested in lecture topics, but one must not go too far in one's humor. This presentation will discuss the various teaching techniques I have used over a wide range of courses. Audience participation is highly encouraged.

Biographies
Jeffery Scott Mio is currently an Associate Professor in the Behavioral Sciences Department at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. He recently learned that he will be promoted to Full Professor next academic year. He had previously taught at Washington State University for eight years, and California State University, Fullerton, for two years. He received his Ph.D. in Clinical and Cognitive Psychology from the University of Illinois, Chicago.

Social-Personality Psychology I

7-1

PREDICTORS OF SELF-ESTEEM BASED ON SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN, Dustine Rojas-Craft, Diana Garza & Luis A. Vega (California State University, Bakersfield)

7-2

QUALIFICATIONS, ATTRACTIVENESS, AND GENDER AFFECT VOTERS' PERCEPTIONS OF FEMALE CANDIDATES, Kelly Wine & Luis A. Vega (California State University, Bakersfield)

7-3

INTRA- AND INTER-GROUP BASES OF SCAPEGOATING: INVISIBLE VICTIMS, Allison Evans, Jennifer Solis, Misty Hendricks & Luis A. Vega (California State University, Bakersfield)

7-4

HELPING OTHERS CHEAT IN COLLEGE: OPTIMUM LEVELS OF BRIBERY, Gurinder Gill & Luis A. Vega (California State University, Bakersfield)

7-5

RITUALISTIC BEHAVIORS: THE INFLUENCE OF LOCUS OF CONTROL ON GAMBLING, Amy Young (Pacific University)

7-6

COMPLIANT BEHAVIOR AND ATTRIBUTION IN TWO CULTURES, Kim M. Khoo & Aroldo Rodrigues (California State University, Fresno)

7-7

CULTURAL NORMS OF EATING AND DIETING BEHAVIORS IN SORORITIES, Stacey Rohrer (California School of Professional Psychology)

7-8

FAMILY AND PERSONAL RITUALS: PATHWAYS TO ENRICHMENT, Julie Haaland & Gloria Cowan (California State University, San Bernardino)

7-9

DUAL STATUS ON IN-GROUP BIAS, Daniel John Wilson, Evamarie Bauer & Radmila Prislin (San Diego State University)

7-10

THE ROLE OF STEREOTYPE THREAT IN CREATING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MATH PERFORMANCE, Veronica A. Keiffer (San Jose State University), Elaine A. Healy & Toni Schmader (University of California, Santa Barbara)

7-11

NONVERBAL BEHAVIORS DURING INTERACTIONS WITH STIGMATIZED PERSONS, Neneh Kowai-Bell, Brian Freer, Corey Crouch & Jim Blascovich (University of California, Santa Barbara)

7-12

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EVALUATIONS OF RELIGIOUS AND MORAL CONFLICTS, Nancy J. Cobb, David J. Weiss, Michelle Ramos & Haley Leung (California State University, Los Angeles)

7-13

VALIDATION OF THE NEO'S CONSCIENTIOUSNESS DOMAIN AND ITS FACETS, Rachel A. Luxemberg & Lawrence S. Meyers (California State University, Sacramento)

7-14

SELF-TOUCHING, GESTURES, AND ANXIETY IN ELDERS, Gayle T. Dow & Jinni A. Harrigan (California State University, Fullerton)

7-15

ATTITUDES TOWARD LESBIANS AS POTENTIAL ADOPTIVE MOTHERS, Meredith E. Childers, Nichole R. Force, Adam A. Ingersoll & Janet Thornton Willing (Loyola Marymount University)

7-16

USING NONVERBAL BEHAVIORS TO DISCRIMINATE AMONG TRAIT ANXIOUS AND REPRESSIVE INDIVIDUALS, Aaron M. Ramirez, Dana R. Carney & Jinni A. Harrigan (California State University, Fullerton)

7-17

REPRESSION OF DEATH ANXIETY AND RISK-RELATED TRAITS, Ned W. Schultz (California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo)

7-18

INVESTIGATIONAL INFLUENCES ON AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS, Julie Felsch, Michelle Fortier & Rick Ingram (San Diego State University)

7-19

EFFECTS OF ENTITATIVITY AND TARGET-TYPE WHEN EXPECTANCIES ARE VIOLATED, Tera Harding & Carolyn Weisz (University of Puget Sound)

7-20

STAMINA AND TIME PERSPECTIVE, Robert A. Hicks, Eric Rutherford & Bob Pelligrini (San Jose State University)

7-21

AUTHORITARIANISM, SELF-ESTEEM, AND CALIBRATION BIASES: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THEORETICALLY IMPLIED RELATIONSHIPS, Ryann M. Haw & Ryan O. Murphy (Western Washington University)

7-22

OVERCONFIDENCE AS A STATE PHENOMENON IN GENDER NEUTRAL TASKS, Ivan R. Molton, Ryann M. Haw & Ryan O. Murphy (Western Washington University)

7-23

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CODEPENDENCY, INTERDEPENDENT SELF-CONSTRUAL AND SELF-SILENCING: WORLDVIEW OR PATHOLOGY? Mimi L. Bommersbach (California School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles)

7-24

EXAMINING MOTIVES FOR ILLUSIONS OF CONTROL: PERCEIVED VULNERABILITY AND SELF-RELEVANCE, Ryan M. Quist (Claremont Graduate University), Marla McClure, Melvin Yee & Suzanne Thompson (Pomona College)

7-25

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ADULT ATTACHMENT, MACHIAVELLIANISM, AND EMPATHY, Stacy Brzostowski & Lawrence G. Herringer (California State University, Chico)

7-26

AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE OF THE CLINTON/LEWINSKY MATTER, Diane Henschel, Jeanna-Marie Pollard & Kandi Dudley (California State University, Dominguez Hills)

7-27

THE IMPACT OF NOVELTY ON THE ILLUSORY CORRELATION, Melanie Wetzel & Carey Osborne (California State University, Long Beach)

7-28

SELF-FOCUS AND MOOD REGULATION: A CONCOMITANT TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Susan Engi, William Nasby, William MacAllister & David Celniker (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

7-29

A CONCOMITANT TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF MOOD AND SELF-FOCUSED ATTENTION, William MacAllister, William Nasby, David Celniker & Susan Engi (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

7-30

SELF-FOCUSED ATTENTION AND MOOD EVALUATION: PARTNERS IN MOOD REGULATION, David Celniker, William Nasby, Susan Engi & William MacAllister (Pacific Graduate School of Psychology)

7-31

ADULT ATTACHMENT, ANXIETY, AND DISTRESS: SUPPORT FOR A FOUR-CATEGORY MODEL, Margaret M. Bierly & Warren R. Coleman (California State University, Chico)

7-32

ATTRIBUTIONS OF AN AMBIGUOUS STIMULUS: THE EFFECTS OF ETHNIC STEREOTYPING, Suzanne M. McTighe, Eric M. Carroll, Karyn O'Brien, Atosa Adedini, Bond Cashmere (California State University, Hayward), Genevieve M. Inman & Michael P. Perez (San Jose State University)

7-33

TEAM BUILDING THROUGH PERSONALITY AWARENESS TRAINING, Buddy Mendez & Terry Murphy (Concordia University)

7-34

INTROVERSION AND SOCIAL ANXIETY: ARE THEY RELATED? Hiroko To & Buddy Mendez (Concordia University)

7-35

PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCES OF STUDY ABROAD STUDENTS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY, Heather Brown (Pasadena City College)

7-36

PREVIOUS ROMANTIC INVOLVEMENT AND FRIENDSHIP SATISFACTION, Mark Layton & Glenn Gamst (University of La Verne)

7-37

EFFECTS OF POSITIVE AFFECT AND HUMOR ON CREATIVITY, Li-Li Toh & Diana L. Mahony (Brigham Young University, Hawaii)

7-38

DETECTION OF NONVERBAL CUES: SOCIAL SKILLS IN ADULTS WITH ADHD, Stephanie Furrer, Robert Cooper, Nancy Eldred & Alicia Knoedler (San Jose State University)

7-39

EFFECTS OF STIMULATION ON SENSATION SEEKING AND RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR, Ryan Howell (Westmont College)

7-40

COMPONENTS OF MACHIAVELLIANISM: DIFFERENCES IN PARANOIA AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, M. Lyn Hoefer & N. Clayton Silver (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)

7-41

PSYCHOPATHY, MACHIAVELLIANISM, AND GAMBLING, M. Lyn Hoefer & Laurie Platz (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)

7-42

PSYCHOPATHY, MACHIAVELLIANISM, AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, M. Lyn Hoefer & Laurie Platz (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)

7-43

DIFFERENCES AMONG LEVEL OF GAMBLING PARTICIPATION AND SOCIALLY DESIRABLE RESPONDING, Laurie Platz & M. Lyn Hoefer (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)

7-44

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE SCALE: RELATION TO BELIEF IN THE PARANORMAL AND COGNITIVE CLOSURE, Dean Morier (Mills College)

7-45

CONCEALING A STIGMATIZED IDENTITY: SHARED REALITY AND PASSING BEHAVIOR, Daniel Ortiz & Curtis Hardin (University of California, Los Angeles)

7-46

BETTER THAN WHOM?: COMPARISON TARGET AND SUPPORT FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION, Adam Miller, Scott Shull, Gil Ben-Moshe, Michael Irwin, Linda Novasel, Angela Cummins, Roxanne Warren, Migel Teran, Christy Were, Maria Felix, Lezlie Scaliatine, Monte Cimino & Heather Smith (Sonoma State University)

7-47

DESCRIBING THE EVERYDAY USE OF SOCIAL COMPARISONS, Scott Shull, Adam Miller, Angela Cummins, Roxanne Warren, Lezlie Scaliatine, Monte Cimino & Heather Smith (Sonoma State University)

IN DEFENSE OF ETHNIC HUMOR
Chair: Louis Lippman, Western Washington University

Presenter
Harvey Mindess, Antioch University

Synopsis of Presentation
Most psychologists associate the term "ethnic humor" with bigoted jokes that degrade the groups they target. Several years research, however, indicates that the view is short-sighted. Quoting numerous jokes, cartoons, and comic performances making fun of the idiosyncracies of Native Americans, African-Americans, Latinos, Hawaiians, and Jews, Mindness contends that - while a certain amount of ethnic humor is indeed crude and bigoted - a larger percentage is insightful, revealing, or simply amusing. Refuting the PC notion that sensitive people don't tell ethnic jokes, his findings bolster the view that laughing at our ethnic peculiarities is a more candid way of affirming ourselves and each other as we really are.

Biographies
Harvey Mindess is the author of Laughter and Liberation, The Chosen People?, Makers of Psychology, Freud, Jung, and Anna, and Not Just a Matter of Degree. A graduate of UCLA, he was one of the founders of Antioch University of Los Angeles, one of the organizers of the Second International Conference on Humor, and one of the only people ever censured by the President of the APA for making fun of famous psychologists (in his poem, Hail to the Chiefs, American Psychologist, May 1975). Antioch LA's first Professor Emeritus, he is currently writing a book in defense of ethnic humor.

A discussion hour with Harvey Mindess will followthis presentation in the Embassy Room.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES
IN THE SELF-MEMORY SYSTEM
Chair: Robert A. Bjork, University of California, Los Angeles

Presenter
Martin A. Conway, University of Bristol, England

Synopsis of Presentation
The Self-Memory System (SMS) is a superordinate memory system that takes input from other subordinate systems. Autobiographical knowledge at different levels of specificity arising from other (subordinate) memory systems forms the knowledge base of the SMS. This knowledge base can be accessed directly, by a sufficiently specific cue, or generatively by the working self. The working self is a complex hierarchy of currently relevant goals and it is this part of the SMS which regulates memory construction and encoding. It is shown how the SMS can be used to account for a very wide range of findings in autobiographical memory (AM) research including malfunctions of AM following brain damage, trauma, and depression.

Biographies
Martin A. Conway, Ph.D., is currently Professor of Psychology and Head of the Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, England. His research focuses on autobiographical memory (memory for the events of our lives), the very long-term retention of knowledge acquired in educational settings, and, more generally, the control of human memory. He has chaired the British Psychological Society's Cognitive Section and he co-founded and co-edits the journal Memory.

Control Perceptions and their Effect Upon Organizational Interactions, Julia Jim (Claremont Graduate School)

The Effects of Dissonance Facilitated Perspective-Taking and Apology on Interpersonal Forgiveness: An Attributional Analysis, Seiji Takaku (Claremont Graduate School)

Attributions in Academic Contexts: Consequences for Self-Efficacy, Camille S. Johnson (Claremont Graduate School)

How Perspective-Taking, Offense Severity, and Quality of Apology Affect the Likelihood of Forgiveness, Giacomo Bono (Claremont Graduate School)

THE RECOVERED MEMORY/FALSE MEMORY DEBATE
Chair: Diane F. Halpern, California State University, San Bernardino

Presenter
Kathy Pezdek, Claremont Graduate University

Synopsis of Presentation
In recent years, tens of thousands of adults have claimed to have recovered memories of traumatic events from their childhood (often incidents of sexual abuse) and from early adulthood (often related to combat trauma and other violent events). In response to these claims, some have declared these to be "false memories," that is, suggestively planted memories. In this talk, I will examine research on the cognitive construct of suggestibility and will discuss whether this construct is sufficiently robust to explain the recovered memory phenomenon.

Biographies
Kathy Pezdek is Professor of Psychology at Claremont Graduate University, where she directs the Ph.D. program in Applied Cognitive Psychology and is on the graduate faculty in the Applied Developmental Psychology program. In 1996, Pezdek published the book, The Recovered Memory/False Memory Debate, with William P. Banks. In addition, she has published dozens of journal articles and book chapters primarily focused on suggestibility and eyewitness memory in adults and children. Pezdek serves as editor of the journal, Applied Cognitive Psychology.

STARTING ALL OVER AGAIN IN PSYCHOLOGY:STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE
Chair: Jeffery Scott Mio, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Presenter
Alice F. Chang, Academy for Cancer Wellness, Tucson, Arizona

Synopsis of Presentation
Because of illness, trauma, and/or change in interest, individuals constantly experience new beginnings. Changing health care attitudes and changing demographics force psychologists to constantly face challenges in order to survive. The focus of this presentation will be to present model development for a successful life and livelihood in the 21st Century.

Biographies
Alice F. Chang is a scientist-practitioner who is a recent cancer survivor and has helped numerous patients and colleagues meet the challenges of undesirable change and put them in a positive perspective, both prior to and after her cancer treatments. She was the first woman of color to serve on the APA Board of Directors and has served on many national, state and local psychology and public service boards over her 30 year career as a psychologist.

SPORT PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND INTERVENTIONS:
FROM LITTLE LEAGUE TO THE BIG LEAGUES
Chair: Ronald E. Smith, University of Washington

Presenters
Ronald E. Smith & Frank L. Smoll, University of Washington

Synopsis of Presentation
Contemporary sport psychology represents linkages between psychological theory development, research, and interventions within athletics. This 2-hour symposium will illustrate some of these linkages across different levels of sport participation. The first presentation will focus on leadership behaviors in youth sports and attempts to enhance the psychological well-being of young athletes by training coaches to create a more positive athletic environment. The second presentation will describe the development of a psychological skills training program designed to enhance athletic performance, and its application at the collegiate and professional levels. In both cases, the results of systematic program evaluations will be summarized.

Biographies
Ronald E. Smith is Professor of Psychology at the University of Washington, where he co-directs a doctoral specialty program in clinical sport psychology. He also co-directs Husky Sport Psychology Services, which provides consultation services to UW athletes and coaches. His research has focused on personality processes, stress and coping, and performance enhancement in a variety of applied settings. For 12 years, he directed a performance enhancement program for the Houston Astros organization, and he has also served as a training consultant for the Seattle Mariners, the Oakland Athletics, and Major League Soccer.

Frank L. Smoll is Professor of Psychology at the University of Washington. He is co-director of the sport psychology graduate program, and of Husky Sport Psychology Services, which provides performance enhancement training for UW athletes and consultation to coaches. Dr. Smoll's research focuses on coaching behaviors in youth sports and on the psychological effects of competition on children and youth. He has extensive experience in conducting clinics and workshops for parents of young children.

Evaluation And Measurement,Sensory Processes, Sleep

8-1

TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE 20-ITEM TORONTO ALEXITHYMIA SCALE, Stephen Lovejoy, Penny D. Jennings & Judy Stirling (Chapman University)

8-2

A BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION OF A FIRE ECOLOGY CURRICULUM, Linda R. Terwilliger, James A. Walsh (University of Montana) & Jane Kapler Smith (U.S. Forest Service)

8-3

PRELIMINARY INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF A FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME SCALE, Steven F. Bacon, Kathryn J. Schimpf, Sherry R. Gibson, Celestina Horn, Terra Fuller & Marlene Hall (California State University, Bakersfield)

8-4

RELIABILITY TESTING FOR THE RESILIENCE SCALE, John E. Lenahan, Paula R. Reynolds, Thomas Kelso & Bettye Elmore (Humboldt State University)

8-5

A COMPARISON OF Q-SORT AND LIKERT RATING METHODS OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, R. Michael Furr & David C. Funder (University of California, Riverside)

8-6

A REANALYSIS OF SOCIOMETRIC DATA USING THE SOCIAL RELATIONS MODEL, R. Michael Furr & Sandra D. Simpkins (University of California, Riverside)

8-7

ARE GENDERED OCCUPATIONAL SCALES NECESSARY FOR THE STRONG INTEREST INVENTORY? Jose Jesus Salcedo, Marie D. Thomas (California State University, San Marcos) & Verne Walter (Verne Walter and Affiliates, Inc.)

8-8

GENERAL COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS REFLECTIVE OF LEFT NEGLECT SYMPTOMS IN RIGHT CVA SUBJECTS, Anthony J. Rissling (Chapman University) & Jeffrey S. Webster (Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach)

8-9

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE BLUES QUESTIONNAIRE FOR POSTPARTUM BLUES, Linda B. Miller (Mesa State College) & Lani C. Fujitsubo (Southern Oregon University)

8-10

DIFFERENTIATING CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ADHD: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MEASURE, Robert Shelton (Pepperdine University) & Robert Parsons (Pacific Clinics)

8-11

MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE AND FACTORIAL INVARIANCE: A ROBUST APPROACH, Seongeun Kim (University of Southern California)

8-12

BIASES IN SELF-REPORTED PRE-PREGNANCY WEIGHT, Harold Stanislaw (California State University, Stanislaus) & Gerald G. Nahum (Duke University)

8-13

A CONSTRUCT VALIDATION STUDY FOR A MULTILEVEL CONSTRUCT: A METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE, Seongeun Kim (University of Southern California)

8-14

FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY: "RAISING" OUR VOICES, Angelique Scharine & Mike McBeath (Arizona State University)

8-15

DIMENSIONAL RELATIONS IN THE PERCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL FORMS, Michael J. Wenger & Angelina M. Hill (University of California, Santa Cruz)

8-16

SPATIAL FREQUENCY EFFECTS ON VISUAL SEARCH FOR HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED STIMULI, Dinah J. P. Villanueva, Giti Zahir & Marvin R. Lamb (California State University, Hayward)

8-17

PRIMING EFFECTS ON TEMPORAL REORDERING OF THE PHI PHENOMENON, Edward Vela & Norman Reese (California State University, Chico)

8-18

MUSICAL MODE AND THE JUDGMENT OF EMOTION IN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Kamil G. Hamaoui (California State University, Northridge)

8-19

EFFECT OF LATENT PROBES ON ECHOIC MEMORY, Eric A. Erpenbeck & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-20

EFFECTS OF DECISION MAKING UPON AUDITORY SPACE PERCEPTION, Eric A. Erpenbeck & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-21

RECOGNITION OF TONES FROM ECHOIC SPATIAL MEMORY, Eric A. Erpenbeck & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-22

THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL STIMULI ON AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION, Angela V. Hernandez, Jose A. Gallegos, Jr. & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-23

MOTION DISCRIMINATION ON THE HORIZONTAL AZIMUTH, Regina Vicente, Jose A. Gallegos, Jr. & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-24

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY LEVELS ON BINAURAL SOUND LOCALIZATION, Jose A. Gallegos, Jr., Joseph V. Antonio, David R. Perrott & Nick Lin (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-25

VISUAL SEARCH ON PRIOR EXPERIENCE AND NOVEL DISTRACTOR-TARGET POPOUT, Ruth Giron & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-26

STIMULUS DURATION EFFECTS DURING AN AURALLY AIDED VISUAL SEARCH, Joseph V. Antonio, Jose A. Gallegos, Jr. & David R. Perrott (California State University, Los Angeles)

8-27

COLOR AND ORAL READING IN NORMAL ADULT READERS, Chris Chase & Arash Ashourzadeh (Claremont McKenna College)

8-28

SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND MENOPAUSAL STATUS IN MID-LIFE WOMEN, Mary Anna Ashurst & James L. Dupree (Humboldt State University)

8-29

ELABORATING ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOOD AND POOR SLEEPERS, Jon G. Vranesh & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-30

DOES CIGARETTE SMOKING AFFECT SLEEP DURATION? Graciela N. Borsato, Gilbert Madrid & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-31

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NIGHTMARES AND ANXIETY, Tammy T. Nguyen, Samara D. Madrid, Hazel B. Marquez & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-32

STAMINA AND SLEEP, Genevieve M. Inman, Eric Rutherford, Robert A. Hicks & Robert Pellegrini (San Jose State University)

8-33

DIFFERENCES IN DREAMS IN A BILINGUAL COLLEGE POPULATION, Cesar Garcia, Anne Nguyen & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-34

SLEEP HYGIENE: KNOWLEDGE VERSUS PRACTICE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, Georjanna J. Evan, Jose Bautista & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-35

CIGARETTE SMOKING AND BRUXISM, Gilbert Madrid, Samara D. Madrid, Jon G. Vranesh & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-36

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SMOKING AND SECONDHAND SMOKE EXPOSURE AND SLEEP DISTURBANCE, Gilbert Madrid, Graciela N. Borsato & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-37

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH SYMPTOMS, NIGHTMARE DISTRESS AND NIGHTMARE FREQUENCY, Samara D. Madrid, Tammy T. Nguyen, Hazel B. Marquez & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-38

COLLEGE STUDENT'S TIME PERSPECTIVES AND DREAMS, Hazel B. Marquez, Samara D. Madrid, Tammy T. Nguyen & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

8-39

EFFECTS OF EXPECTANCY ON MELATONIN'S IMPACT ON DREAMING, Tracey L. Kahan, Daniel Rose & Ellen Cirigliano (Santa Clara University)

8-40

SLEEP PROBLEMS AND CONSISTENCY OF HAND USE, Genevieve M. Inman (San Jose State University), Delores DeHaro (University of California, Santa Cruz) & Robert A. Hicks (San Jose State University)

BUILDING REGIONAL MENTORING COALITIONS:THE DIVERSITY 2000 MODEL
Chair: Callista Lee, Psi Beta Regional Vice-President

Participants:
Callista Lee, Psi Beta Regional Vice-President & Tawa M. Witko, CSPP, Los Angeles

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONFLICT ESCALATION,
WAR AND PEACE
Chair: Shana Levin, Claremont McKenna College

Presenters
David G. Winter, University of Michigan

Synopsis of Presentation
Psychological characteristics related to conflict escalation (versus peaceful resolution) are identified through content analysis of documents (government-to-government communications, speeches, diaries) from nine crises that escalated to war and nine matched crises that were peacefully resolved. These results are further illustrated with case studies of the Mexican War versus the Oregon Boundary dispute, the Civil War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Overall, escalation is associated with high levels of power motivation, low levels of affiliation motivation, and (perhaps surprisingly) high levels of responsibility.

Biographies
David G. Winter is Professor of Psychology at the University of Michigan. He received the Ph.D. degree in social psychology from Harvard University. His major research interests involve the psychological aspects of conflict, war, and peace, motivational aspects of leadership, and authoritarianism. He is president of the International Society of Political Psychology for 1998-99.

ASSESSING ONE'S OWN COMPETENCE:
HEURISTICS AND ILLUSIONS
Chair: Robert L. Solso, University of Nevada, Reno

Presenters
Robert A. Bjork, University of California, Los Angeles

Synopsis of Presentation
The reading we take of our own competence is arguably as important in many real-world contexts as is our actual competence. In settings where on-the-job learning can be disastrous from a personal or societal standpoint, for example, such as air-traffic control, it can be imperative that we possess the skills and knowledge we think we possess. More broadly, the reading we take of our current level of learning and knowledge determines such important matters as how we allocate our time, whether we seek further study or practice, whether we volunteer for or avoid certain assignments, and whether we instill confidence in others. Recent findings demonstrate, however, that we frequently mis-assess our competence, often in the direction of overconfidence. Such overconfidence, it is argued here, arises from a misinterpretation of the meaning and predictive value of certain objective and subjective indices of current performance. That misinterpretation, in turn, rests on our misunderstanding ourselves as learners and rememberers. The various types of illusions of comprehension and competence to which we seem vulnerable have implications not only for the functional architecture of human memory, but also for the optimization of real-world training and instruction.

Biographies
Robert A. Bjork (Ph.D., Stanford University) is Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and editor of Psychological Review. His interests focus on how humans learn and remember and on the implications of that research for training and instruction, and he is a recipient of UCLA's Distinguished Teaching Award. He earlier served as professor at the University of Michigan, and his past responsibilities include editing Memory & Cognition (1981-85) and chairing a National Research Council Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance (1988-94). He is a Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists, the American Psychological Association (APA), and the American Psychological Society (APS). He is chair of the Governing Board of the Psychonomic Society and President of the Western Psychological Association.

1999 WPA Awards

1999 Student Scholarship Winners:
Karen K. Chan, University of California, San Diego
Diane L. Cole, San Diego State University
Georgette Gafford, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Megan E. Garrison, San Diego State University
Mina Kim, University of California, Riverside
Dana F. Lindemann, University of Alaska, Anchorage
Samara D. Madrid, San Jose State University
Daniel Ortiz, University of California, Los Angeles
Bonnie Rainey, University of California, Santa Barbara
Michelle C. Ramos, California State University, Fullerton
Jennifer Ritter, Arizona State University
Patricia Simonet, University of Nevada, Reno

1999 WPA Outstanding Service Award:
Richard F. Thompson, University of Southern California